About the One Health Intellectual Exchange Series

This interdisciplinary course will introduce the concept of One Health as an increasingly important approach to a holistic understanding of the prevention of disease and the maintenance of both human and animal health. The list of topics will include a discussion of bidirectional impact of animal health on human health, the impact of earth’s changing ecology on health, issues of food and water security and preparedness, and the benefits of comparative medicine. Learning objectives include 1) to describe how different disciplines contribute to the practice of One Health, 2) to creatively design interdisciplinary interventions to improve Global Health using a One Health model, and 3) to interact with One Health-relevant professionals in the Triangle and beyond. The course aims to include students from Duke, UNC and NC State from diverse disciplines relevant to One Health, including: human medicine, veterinary medicine, environmental science, public health, global health, public policy, and others.

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

One Health, One Welfare: Supporting human livelihoods through improved health and welfare of working animals: Tuesday, February 4th

Andy Stringer, BVSc PhD MRCVS is Director of Veterinary Programmes for SPANA (Society for the Protection of Animals Abroad) where he directs SPANA’s global veterinary programs. SPANA (www.spana.org) is a British charity that works to improve the health and welfare of working animals worldwide, and thereby support the livelihoods of those who depend on them. Dr. Stringer also holds a position as an Honorary Lecturer in International Animal Health at the Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool where he is involved in teaching and research.

SPANA’s primary objective to improve the health and welfare of working animals worldwide can be reached through a multifaceted approach that includes providing direct veterinary care through clinics and field work, improving and supporting the training and capacity building of vet professionals and paraprofessionals, supporting teaching institutions in country, providing community education, and conducting research programs and evaluations of all of the above.  In addition SPANA provides limited response to emergency situations encompassing both environmental disasters and conflict related emergency care of equine work animals. 

Work animals can include the span of horses, camels, oxen, and donkeys (most common). These animals are at risk for misuse and abuse because they are largely absent from protection within agricultural and research regulations and therefore the ownership and treatment of these animals varies and is often attached to more to cultural values rather than ethical values.

Dr. Stringer delved into the discussion of the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA), which is a way to improve understanding of the livelihoods of poor people.  By building assets including human, social, natural, physical, and financial capital, individuals and households develop their capacity to cope with the challenges they encounter and to meet their needs on a sustained basis. Dr. Stringer mentions a quote that was told to him by a villager:
“If you have a healthy working animal you can be the King of a village, if you have no animal you can be the King of poverty”

Dr. Stringer encourages a holistic approach to help animals.  The relief of suffering, which can include heat exposure, potential for injury, overworked conditions, inadequate diets, and inadequate handling equipment, is crucial for the longevity of the animals.  Among the major issues is one of inadequate veterinary care where animals lack appropriate treatment for infections, foreign body ingestion, and wounds caused by poor harnesses (abscesses), traffic accidents and poor home remedies including burning.  

Examples of some of the projects being implemented were given:
  • Changing harnesses for safer versions locally made to help prevent wounds
  •  Reflective ear tags for animals to wear for reduction of night traffic accidents
  • Providing proper saddles for transporting pregnant women from mountains which are also comfortable and ergonomically correct for animal use
Challenges of Interventions include how to sustainably change attitudes, knowledge, culture.

Dr Stringer entertained multiple questions from the audience include ones regarding:
  •  Infection transmission between owners and animals which he answered as unknown because of limited available information
  • Has there been a “mutual healer” training to address both human and animal needs? “no”
  • How does SPANA help in communities of displaced people and their work animals?
    • This is addressed with helping offload animals from their owners and then often gifting them back or selling them back for a reduced price which helps to keep the animals in a stable environment while the owners re-establish.  This is supported with a restocking with animals from the region as naïve animals that are brought in are susceptible to illness and people may have better knowledge of native species.

The presentation concluded with a quote from a recent article published about One Health:
“It is time to consider whether One Health will prove to be a short-lived response to a spate of emerging diseases that apparently threatened to engulf the world, or a paradigm shift that will lead to a wider and deeper commitment to interdisciplinary action addressing the protection and needs of society in the 21st century”
– E. Paul J. Gibbs., BVSc, PhD, FRCVS

To which he responded that while he hopes it is the latter, he feels as though the interdisciplinary world is currently in a stage of doubt, but hopes it will be followed closely by acceptance. 

Authored by Christina Gonzalez

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